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A learning curve is a graphical representation of the increase of learning (vertical axis) with experience (horizontal axis). The term ''learning curve'' is used in two main ways: where the same task is repeated in a series of trials, or where a body of knowledge is learned over time. The first person to describe the learning curve was Hermann Ebbinghaus in 1885, in the field of the psychology of learning, although the name wasn't used until 1909.〔http://books.google.com/books?id=oRSMDF6y3l8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Page 42, Fig 2〕〔http://books.google.com/books?id=ikEMAAAAIAAJ&q=%22learning+curve%22#v=snippet&q=%22learning%20curve%22&f=false The American Journal of Psychology, Volume 14 1903 By Granville Stanley Hall, Edward Bradford Titchene〕 In 1936, Theodore Paul Wright described the effect of learning on production costs in the aircraft industry.〔Wright, T.P., "Factors Affecting the Cost of Airplanes", ''Journal of Aeronautical Sciences'', 3(4) (1936): 122–128.〕 This form, in which ''unit cost'' is plotted against ''total production'', is sometimes called an experience curve. The familiar expression "''a steep learning curve''" is intended to mean that the activity is difficult to learn, although a learning curve with a steep start actually represents rapid progress.〔"Laparoscopic Colon Resection Early in the Learning Curve", ''Ann Surg.'' 2006 June; 243(6): 730–737, see the ("Discussions" ) section, Dr. Smith's remark about the usage of the term "steep learning curve": "First, semantics. A steep learning curve is one where you gain proficiency over a short number of trials. That means the curve is steep. I think semantically we are really talking about a prolonged or long learning curve. I know it is a subtle distinction, but I can't miss the opportunity to make that point."〕〔 ==In psychology== The first person to describe the learning curve was Hermann Ebbinghaus in 1885. His tests involved memorizing series of nonsense syllables, and recording the success over a number of trials. The translation does not use the term ''learning curve''—but he presents diagrams of learning against trial number. He also notes that the score can decrease, or even oscillate.〔〔(''Classics in the history of psychology'' )〕〔http://books.google.com/books?id=oRSMDF6y3l8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false page 42, Fig 2〕 The first known use of the term ''learning curve'' is from 1909 : "Bryan and Harter (6) found in their study of the acquisition of the telegraphic language a learning curve which had the rapid rise at the beginning followed by a period of retardation, and was thus convex to the vertical axis."〔〔 Psychologist Arthur Bills gave a more detailed description of learning curves in 1934. He also discussed the properties of different types of learning curves, such as negative acceleration, positive acceleration, plateaus, and ogive curves. (Fig 1)〔Bills, A.G. (1934). General experimental psychology. Longmans Psychology Series. (pp. 192-215). New York, NY: Longmans, Green and Co.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「learning curve」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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